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Tier 2 · Documented firsthand report
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Project Blue Book File on Tremonton Film, Utah, 1952
DOW-UAP-D102 · Release 06 (9/18)
What the document says
This document records the Project Blue Book investigation and subsequent assessments of an incident near Tremonton, Utah, on July 2, 1952. Project Blue Book was a 1952-1969 U.S. Air Force program to investigate the nature and origin of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). The file describes the Air Force’s assessment of the principal witness, Delbert C. Newhouse, a U.S. Navy Warrant Officer specializing in photography, as honest and reliable, and as an expert with more than 1,000 hours of aerial-photography experience. Newhouse reported observing 12 to 14 reflective objects and recorded the event on color motion-picture film using a handheld Bell & Howell Auto Master camera.
The file reflects an evolving Air Force assessment of the imagery over several years. Early documentation considered several possible explanations, including sunlight reflecting from birds or balloons, and a mirage effect, and did not identify the objects conclusively. Later assessments became more confident that the objects were seabirds reflecting sunlight, citing identifiable seabirds and similar films showing seabirds as bright points of light under comparable conditions. However, the film’s limited detail and lack of fixed reference points prevented reliable determination of the objects’ distance, size, altitude, or linear speed from the film alone.
AARO Comment: The file contains conflicting references to the film format. Several documents describe a 35mm film, while contemporaneous submission documentation identifies the original as a 50-foot roll of processed 16mm Kodachrome color motion-picture film recorded with a handheld Bell & Howell Auto Master camera. Newhouse reported exposing approximately 30 feet of the roll during the incident and using the remaining film later that day to record unrelated mountain scenery in Idaho. Other records show that 35mm positive and negative duplicate blowups were produced from the original 16mm material. The file also indicates that the original film was duplicated for preservation, citing its deteriorating condition. The footage retained by the National Archives and Records Administration and presented in this collection as DOW-UAP-PR159 is a digitization of a 16mm print.
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Document text
Auto-extracted from the original scan with OCR · may contain extraction artifacts. The source document above is authoritative.
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SECURITY. CLASSI
SUBJECT
35mm Film and Analysis
FROM ATIC DATE 15 OCT 1952 COMMENT NO. 1
Capt Ruppelt/jos
65365/B263D/PD28
le As per your request inclosed herein for your inspection is the 35mm film
from Tremonton, Utah, showing unidentified aerial objects,
2. Also inclosed is a photostatic copy of an analysis performed by the Photo
Reconnaissance Laboratory, Wright Field,
3e The 35mm roll is the original film and no duplicate has been mades
kk. It is the opinion of ATIAA-5 that the film should be submitted to an orni-
thologist, perhaps at the Smithsonian Institute in Washington, to obtain an opinion
as to whether the objects may not possibly be birds in flight.
ep be Bhalla
Caer 5 g r, USAF
ir iz tant ‘
Air Technical Inte alli oto oye
D D : fone =) 6 REPLACES NME FORM 96, | OCT 48. WHICH MAY BE USED 16—54801-3 U. 8, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE ; 1952 0 - 986875
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
DOWNGRADED
DECLASSIPTAT ra HAR INTER.
4 DOD Dig i 12 YEARS, as
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
UNCLASSIFIED
DOT ‘NGRA
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UNCLASSIFIED
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
UNCLASSIFIED
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REPLY TO APO TRethZs
DOWNGRADED AT & YRAR INTERVATS.
DECLASSIFIED AFTER 12 YEARS.
DOD DIR 6200.10
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UNCLASSIFIED
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
® UNCLASSIFIED
Copy TWX CAFIN 65202
R 1216502 ZN
FM CG 2°TH AD HAFB CALIF
TO CHIEF ATIC WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO
INFO CG ADC ENT AFB COLO SPRINGS Colo
oan aaee DOWNGRADED AT 8 YP Wri :
USAF WASHINGTON 25 DC DECLASSIFIED APTER 13 Yen re aaa
DOD DIR 5200.10 ~~ c
CG WADF HAFB CALIF .
RESTRICTED/9L71. ATTN DIR OF INTEL. IN REPLY TO AFOIN-2A2 AND WADF MSG
WDOID 29149 FOL INFO REQ BY HQ USAF HAS BEEN OBTAINED BY INTERVIEW WITH
CPO DELBERT C. NEWHOUSE. 177273, AVN SUP DEP, NAVAL SUP CEN, OAKLAND, CALIF
REGARDING UNIDENTIFIED BLY OBJS AND MOVIE FILM ON SIGHTING 2 JUL 52 NEAR
TREMONTON, UTAH. CPO NEWHOUSE, HIS WIFE, SON AND DAUGHTER WERE ALL INTER
VIEWED AT THE NEWHOUSE HOME IN BERKELEY, CALIF ON 10 SEP 52 BY DIRECTOR OF
INTELLIGMICE, 28TH AIR DIV (DEF). FOL ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 1 THRU 13
IN USAF REQUEST ARE SUBMITTED:
1. NO SOUND HEARD DURING OBSERVATION, 2, NO EXHAUST TRAILS OR CONTRAILS
OBSERVED. 3. NO AIRCRAFT, BIRDS, BALLOONS, OR OTHER IDENTIFIABLE OBJECTS
SEEN IN AIR IMMEDIATELY BEFORE, DURING, OR IMMEDIATELY AFTER OBSERVATION.
he SINGLE OBJECT WHICH DETACHED ITSELF FROM GROUP DID HEAD IN DIRECTION
OPPOSITE ORIGINAL COURSE AND DISAPPEARED FROM VIEW WHILE STILL TRAVELING
IN THIS DIRECTION. 5. CAMERA POINTED AT ESTIMATED 70 DEGREES ELEVATION
AND DESCRIBED AND ARC FROM APPROX DUE EAST TO DUE WEST THEN FROM DUE WEST
TO APPROX 60 DEGREES FROM NORTH IN PHOTOGRAPHING DETACHED OBJ HEADING IN
DIRECTION PEDOSITE ORIGINAL COURSE. 6. SUN WAS APPROX OVERHEAD OF OBSERVER.
OBJECTS WERE AT APPROX 70 DEGREES ABOVE TRRAIN ON A COURSE SEVERAL MILES
FROM OBSERVER. 7. WEATHER CONDITIONS: BRIGHT SUNLIGHT, CLEAR, APPROX 60
DEGREES TEMPERATURE, SLIGHT BREEZE LORTH EAST APPROX 3 TO 5 MPH,
6. NO METROROLOGICAL ACTIVITY DURING THAT DAY. 9. OPINION REGARDING
FOLLOWING CIN A. LIGHT FROM OBJECTS CAUSED BY REFLECTION: B, OBJECTS
“«~ ¥ UNCLASSIFIED
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
UNCLASSIFIED
APPEARED APPROX AS LONG AS THEY WERE ¥W _ THIN. C. APPEARED IDENTICAL
IN SHAPE. D. 1270 14 OBJECTS. BE, ALL APPEARED LIGHT COLOR. F. MNO
OPINION. G. APPEARED TO HAVE SAME TYPE OF MOTION EXCEPT FOR ONE OBJECT
WHICH REVERSED ITS COURSE. H. DISAPPEARED FROM VIEW BY MOVING OUT OF
RANGE OF EYESIGHT. 10, NO FILTERS USED, 11. ONE LOW HILL 2 OR 3 MILES
TO RIGHT OF US HWY 30 DASH S WITH OBSERVER FACING NORTH, LOCATED
APPROX 10 MILES NORTH TREMONTON, UTAH, 12, OTHER PERSONS SIGHTING OBJscTS
WERE: MRS. D. GC, NEWHOUSE, WIFE: DELBERT C. NEWHOUSE, JR, SON, AGE lj:
ANNE NEYHOUSE, DAUGHTER, AGE =, WHOLE NEWHOUSE FAMILY INCLUDED IN INTER-
VIEW. 13. CPO NEWHOUSE AND FAMILY HAVE NEVER SIGHTED UNIDENTIFIED FLYING
OBJECTS BEFORE. NEWHOUSE STATED THAT HE NEVER BELIEVED HE WOUID JoIN
RANKS OF THOSE REPORTING SUCH OBJECTS PRIOR TO THIS OBSERVATION, CPO
NEWHOUSE AND MRS, NEWHOUSE APPEARED TO BE EXTREMELY HONEST AND RELIABLE
PERSONS. CPO NEWHOUSE STATED HE HAS BEEN IN THE NAVAL SERVICE FOR OVER
19 YEARS WITH SERVICE AS A COMMISSIONED OFFICER DURING WW 2. NEWHOUSE
IS GRADUATE OF NAVAL PHOTOGRAPHIC SCHOOL IN 1935 AND CLAIMS OVER 1000
HOURS IN THE AIR AS A PHOTOGRAPHER ON ACTUAL, AERIAI PHOTOGRAPH MISSIONS,
NEWHOUSE ALSO DOES CONSIDERABLE GROUND PHOTOGRAPHY, IT IS BELIEVED NEWHCUSE
COULD BE CLASSIFIED AS AN EXPERT PHOTOGRAPHER.
AR INTERVALS;
DOWNGRADED AT & YEA Bs
IFIED AFTER 12 YEARS.
DECLASS OD DIR 6200.10
—_
UNCLASSIFIED
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
UNCLASSIFIED
7 Oct 52
ACTION; ROUTINE INTO; ROUTING
CG28th AINDIV HAMILTON AFB CALIF 0
CHIEY ATIC WRIGHT={PATTERSOM AFSORTO IPENTIPICATION: 9171 is
CAP IW 65202
(12 Sep 52)
FROM; APOIN 69782
ATTRETION: Director of Intelligence. Reference your message
9L71 dated 12 Sep 52. Request OPO Newhouse be asked following
additional question: Was tripod used te photograph mountain
scene in Idéeho which arrears on final footege of film in
question’ Yorward information ty electrical means to ATIC with
information this headquarters. In response reply to APOIN-2A2
DRAPTER'S WAMB: REL IHG OFFICER'S SIGNATURE:
Maj. Dewey J. Fournet BALD % BRESE, Captain, USAF
Executive Officer, Topical Division
Deputy Director for Estimates
AFOIn-242 Directorate of Intelligence, D¢S/0
*
A,
1B;
BARS,
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
UNCLASSIFIED
CAFIN 74096
PM JWPML/CG 28th AIR DIV (DEF) HAMILTON AFB, CALIF.
TO JEDWP/CHIEF, ATIC WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, OHIO
INFO: JWPHQ/DIRECTOR OF INTELLIGENCE, HQ USAF, WASHINGTON 25, D.C.
(QS 9x7. un werty 0 Avorn-2s2 FOLLOWING INFORMATION REQUESTED BY
HQ USAF HAS BEEN OBTAINED BY TELEPHONE CONVERSATION WITH CPO DELBERT C.
NEWHOUSE, 177273, AVN SUP DEP, NAVAL SUP CENTER, OAKLAND, CALIF, REGARDING AN ADDI
TIONAL QUESTION ABOUT MOVIE FILM ON UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT SIGHTING ON 2 JULY 1952.
QUESTION: "WAS TRIPOD USED TO RERWE PHOTOGRAPH MOUNTAIN SCENE IN IDAHO
WHICH APPEARS ON FINAL FOOTAGE OF FILM IN QUESTION"? ANSWER: NEGATIVE,
ENTIRE ROLL OF FILM WAS HANDHELD.
pOPECLASSIFICD ATER 12 YEARS
: DOD DIR 5200.10
Na DN ee .
CAF IN: 74096 (10 Oct 52)
ASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
OUTINE (Iafe)
WURB 2 JUL 52
TNLS ALOF'
. y 0 OL A. rf d \T wai 4
nS OF 6 TO 12 URIDGNTIF
moe UNCLASSIFIED
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
Requirements
1, 2 color duplicates and 1 black & white print (exclusive of portion
with sound track whish is spliced to the end of the film),
2. Request the original be handled with utmost care (it is already in
fairly poor condition, and we are very anxious that it suffer no further
damage).
3. Request the original be cleaned as carefuly as possible prior to
duplication,
4, Request utmost effort in controlling duplication to extent that resulting
copies will be as identical to original as possible in image and color
reproduction.
5. The loose (unspliced) portion of 17 frames belongs at the end of the
footage having a deep blue background and no sound track. The last
frame of this loose portion is immediately adjacent to the splice with
the broken frame having the sound track,
6. Can the stripped sprocket holes in the loose portion of the original
(see 5) be repaired in any way - sufficiently to make it possible to
run this part along with the remainder of film without malfunction?
NECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
HPB2 Gi
TYE263
TDB241
JEPHQ E@G4 -
RR JWPML as
DE JEPHQ AG
R 9718062 2KJ eee
FM HQ USAF WASHDC
TO JWPML/CG28TH AIRDIV HAMILTON AFB CALIF.
INFO JEDWP/CHIEF ATIC WPAFB OHIO _-~
QE 20"! CL AFoIn 59782 ATTENTION CLN DIRECTOR
OF INTELLIGENCE. REFERENCE YOUR MESSAGE SI71: DATED 12 SEP 52.
REQUEST CPO NEWHOUSE BE ASKED FOLLOWING ADDITIONAL QUESTION CLN
WAS TRIPOD USED TO PHOTOGRAPH MOUNTAIN SCENE IN IDAHO WHICH APPEARS
ON FINAL FOOTAGE OF FILM IN QUESTION QUES FORWARD INFORMATION
BY ELECTRICAL MENNS TO ATIC WITH INFORMATION THIS HEADQUARTERS.
IN RESPONSE REPLY TO AFOIN-2A2,
%7/2934Z OCT JEPHQ
DOWNGRADED ; AT osm
ER VAIS;
DOD Dik. 206 Re YEARS
UNCLASSIFIED
A
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
COORDINATION
TORT%
: INSERT
ORGNL CODE AND a =
ATIAA-5/JKR/ve
FULL SIGNATURE
15 September 1952
CPO Delbert C, Newhouse, 177283 USN
Aviation Supply Depot
war Mr, Newhouse:
Your 16 mm film of unidentified aerial phenomena has been for-~
ed to the Air Technical intelligence Center for analysis, The
final footage of mountain scenery will be deteched and returned to
you as soon as possible,
If it is agreeable to you, a duplicate of the aerial phenomena
Ji be made and forwarded to you in lieu of the original, It is
degsired to retain the original for analysis, Please notify us imme-
ately whether this arrangement is agreeable to you.
Your cooperation and desire to be of service are greatly appreciated,
Yours very truly,
ROSERT E. KENNEDY
Air Adjutant General
DESIGNATE AUTHD OFFICE OF RECORD
OFFICIAL FILE COPY
AMC Form 8 (Rey 17 May 50) Supersedes AMC Form §, Rey 1 Apr 48, which will be used. Air Foree-WPAFB-L-23 JUL 52 36000
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
an ar mR RT
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
A
e ®
E
RC34
WPE924
XYB@19
XDBSié
XXBSB6
JWPML 12°
RR JEDWP JEPHQ 222
DE JWPML 56J
R $923287Z
FM JWPML/CG osTH AIR DIV (DEF) HAMILTON AFB, CLAIF.
JEDWP/CHIEF , ATIC WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, OHIO
FOsJWPHQ/DIRECTOR OF INTELLIGENCE
HEADQUARTERS USAF, WAHSINGTON 25,D.C.
$9171 IN REPLY TO AFOIN-2A2 FOLLOWING INFORMATION
USAF HAS BEEN OBTAINED BY TELEPHONE CONVERSATION
WITH CPO DELBERT C. NEWHOUSE, 177273, AVN SUP DEP, NAVAL SUP CENTER,
OAKLAND, CALIF. REGARDING AN ADDITIONAL QUESTION ABOUT MOVIE FILM ON
UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT SIGHTING ON 2 JULY 1952. QUESTIONs"WAS TRIPOD USED
TO PHOTOGRAPH MOUNTAIN SCENE IN IDAHO WHICH APPEARS ON FINAL FOOTAGE
OF FILM IN QUESTION"? ANSWER’ NEGATIVE, ENTIRE ROLL OF FILM WAS HAND
DOWNGRADED ar
HELD « ED AT 2 wera
DECLASSIFIED ART HE ye
G9/23287 OCT JWPML DOD Diz
UNCLASSIFIED
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
AFOIN-ATIAA=11-5-E
UNCLASSIFIED
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
er JOINT MESSAGEFORM a ee
Kat ol- ibe pnd a Laping ews 4 tk, , 2 pe Ff
UNCLASSIFIED
: SPACE ABOVE FOR COMMUNICATIONS CENTER ONLY
FROM: (Originator) DATE-TIME GROUP
> -
| ACTION” INFORMATION
() =
aa PRECEDENCE
Oo ATIC FOR:
HILL AFB, UT [_] Book MessaGe Q ORIGINAL MESSAGE
CRYPTOPRECAUTION
[_] MULTIPLE ADDRESS ves
REFERS TO MESSAGE:
IDENTIFICATION | CLASSIFICATION
FRiuie APOLNeAT TA haw] Loo Fao! ; ENCE GFFICE
hequest al] available information, including flight tracks, of any ballcens launched
from area of your base on 2 Jul 52. This information ie necessary for the analysis
of a sighting of eight unidentified Mlying objects which occurred at 1110 NST on
2 dul 52. Photegraphs of sighting indicate possibility tnat objects may be ea cluster
of balloons.
In reply cite Project Bluebook.
COORDINATI ONs
ATIAA
DOWNGRADED av ¢ y» PRRVAT
DECLASSIFIED AFTE PE ie van A an .
DOD DIR 5200.10
UNCLASSIFIED | *j oF
ORAFTER'S NAME (qd siomaiesenanap required) RELEASING OFFICER'S SIGNATURE
"TAS
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1 MAY 49 1 APR 1946, WHICH MAY BE USED.
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
me as
TO: Whom it may &.... ATIAA-5/Lt CR ae si 15 Dec 52
MEMORANDUM FOR RECORD
PROBLEM:
Tremont, Utah, sighting.
FACTS AND DISCUSSION:
On 15 Dec 52 Lt A. G. Flues telephoned Lt Malcom Ross, USN, at the Of-
fice of Naval Research, University of Minnesota. The purpose was to deter~
mine whether pillow balloon releases could account for the Tremont? Utah,
incident of 2 Jul 52.
Lt Ross had seen the Tremont/movies and it was his opinion, as well as
that of Lt Lewis, ONR, that the objects photographed were pillow balloons,
However, Lt Ross said that the Navy had not reléased any pillow balloons in
or near that area at that time. Lt Ross pointed out that General Mills, Inc.,
Minneapolis, is, in so far as he knows, the sole manufacturer of pillow bal-
loons and suggested that ATIC contact Mr. J. R. Smith of General Mills to
determine what organizations and ageneies had purchased pillow balloons. Lt
Ross also stated that in the winter of 1952, the "Crusade for Freedom" pur-=
chased many pillow balloons from General Mills. These were sent to various
cities in the United States and released periodically. Lt Ross did not know
the exact times, dates, or points of these releases, but he suggested that
ATIC contact the "Crusade for Freedom",
RECO MIENDATION :
That ATIAA-5 contact Mr. J. R. Smith and the "Crusade for Freedom",
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
4 *
TO: Whom it May Concern
SUBJECT: Tremonton, Utah, incident of 2 Jul 52
On 16 Dec 52 Lt A. G. Flues called Mr. J. R. Smith, Director, Balloon Re-
search, General Mills, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, to determine whether or
not a pillow balloon release could have caused the Tremonton incident.
Mir. Smith pointed out that in the winter of 1951, his company, the only
known manufacturer of this type balloon, produced a large number of pillows
for the "Crusade for Freedom", These balloons were distributed to both national
and local offices of that organization and GMI was unable to say exactly what
the organization did with them after receipt. However, GMI did say that they
were released sporadically for publicity purposes from widely separated areas
in the United States.
In the "Crusade for Freedom" organization there have since been 100%
personnel shifts, top to bottom and J. Re Smith was not too encouraging when
Lt Flues suggested contacting the organization. However, he agreed to forward
all shipping lists which will tell ATIC who the consignees were and just what
numbers each received.
Mr. Smith pointed out that in 1951 and until Nov 52, helium and hydrogen
gasses were in short supply. The two companies which furnish these gasses are
Air Reduction Company and The Linde Company. Mr. Smith suggested contacting
their distributors in the area of the sighting.
Recommendations: That ATIC follow-up with the lists Mr. Smith will provide and
that ATIC check distributors of hydrogen and helium in the Utah area.
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 973007
Travel Report - Minneapolis, Minnesota
29, 30, 31 December 1952
On 29 Dec 52, Lt A. G. Flues went to Minneapolis, Minnesota, to contact
the Field Representative of ONR and the General Mills Corporation there, The
purpose was to determine if the UFO's in the Tremonton, Uteh, movies of 2 July
52 might be pillow balloons.
On 30 Dec the films were run off in the balloon room of the Physics Building,
University of Minnesota. The following were in attendance;
Lt Malcolm Ross, USN
S20 Leroy Harger, USN
CPO Lewis, USN
Dr. Nye, U. of Minn. Balloon flights and geophysics
Dr, Winkler, U. of Minn. Balloon flights and geophysics
Frank C, Jewett, Exec, Vice-President, Research Dept., General
Mills, Inc.
d.'R,. Smith, Chief, Meteorology Dept., General Mills, Inc.
There were various others present all of whom have had experience in
flying pillow balloons.
The films were run off eight times, at various speeds, and were frequently
stopped at good frames. All were informed of the background data.
It was the consensus of opinion that the objects resembled pillow balloons
in flight very closely and did nothing that pillows would not do in similar
circumstances, J. R. Smith was the least convinced of this hypothesis; however,
he felt that the objects were a bit too bright and maneuvered a bit too fast,
The head meteorologist of GMI pointed out that winds to 8,000 ft. at Hill
AFB would probably be different from those at Tremonton because of topography
and land-sea effect. The extreme stability of the atmosphere on that day would,
he added, make ascent very slow and would tend to stabilize a pillow at a given
altitude. Additionally, wind direction is capable of a 180° shift within perhaps
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
500 ft. of altitude which could account for a high or low balloon, with relation
to the group, to proceed in an apparently opposite direction.
If the objects are pillows, the consensus was that they are not over
6,000' altitude, probably much less. If this is so, they cannot possibly have
been aloft for more than 12 hours, and this only if filled with warm air or
underinflated with gas or ballasted for a given altitude. There is a much
greater probability that they are ascending and have been released from a
nearly point not over 1/2 hour before.
None of the persons present placed much faith in the computations of
angular velocity, since all were predicated upon Newhouse's holding the camera
still.
Lt Flues went over to GMI later on and obtained from J. R. Smith the names
and addresses of consignees who received pillow balloons during the period Sep
51 - 2 Jul 52. Also Lt Flues picked up some photos of pillow balloons and the
flight tracks of three Navy Skyhooks released in Sept 52 from Tillamook, Ore. Gen-
eral Mills had no movies of pillows which approximated the Tremonton films as
GMI's footage seemed to be shot against cloud background and when the balloons
were lower, However, they will be launching pillows from Wendover, Utah, in
Feb 53 and will make movies then.
The course of action recommended was for ATIC to check all persons in the
western U.S, who received pillows. There were some other shipments to GMI home
and farm appliance stores, and J. R, Smith agreed to send ATIC the names and
addresses of such consignees,
List of consignees:
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
UNCLASSIFIED
‘
it <2
ITEM 2 AMC eovaneteat 4 PLzS
FROMs CAPT E J RUPPELT ATIAE=5 INFORMATION
TOs CAPT HARRY SMITH, AFOIN-2A2
SECURITY INFO: REFERENCE TELEPHONE
CALL FROM CAPT RUPPELT TO CAPT HARRY SMITH ON 2 FEB 53
REGARDING DATA FRO PRESS RELEASE ON
TREMONTON MOVIES REQUEST FINAL OF
~ TELECON TO ATIC FOR COORDINATION. DECLASSIFIED AFTER 12 YEARS.
MOVIES WERE TAKEN SEVEN MILES NORTH OF DOD DIR 5200.10
TRENONTON, UTAH, ON US HGHWAY 36S hatha
AT 1110 MST ON 2 JULY 52, CAMERA
USED YAS A BELL AND HOWELL AUTO MASTER
WITH THE THREE INCH TELEPHOTO LENS.
CAMERA WAS HAND-HELD, FIRST FEW FEET
OF FILM WERE TAKEN AT Fé; BALANCE
AT FiGs SIXTEEN FRAMES PER SECOND
WERE USED, MOVIES WERE TAKEN BY CHIEF PETTY
OFFICER DELBERT € NEWHOUSE, . 177273 AVIATION
SUPPLY DEPOT, NAVAL SUPPLY CENTER, OAKLAND,
CALIF, NEWHOUSE WAS DRIVING FROM WASHINGTON,
BC TO PORTLAND, OREGON, ON THE MORNING
OF 2 JULY S2 WHEN HIS WIFE NOTICED A
“GROUP OF OBJECTS IN THE SKY- THAT SHE
COULD NOT IDENTIFY, SHE ASKED NEWHOUSE To
STOP THE CAR AND LOOK, THERE WERE A
GROUP OF OBJECTS THAT BORE NO RELATION
JO ANYTHING HE HAD SEEN BEFORE
WE STATED, MILLING ABOUT IN A ROUGH
FORMATION AND PROCEEDING IN AN APPARENT
WESTERLY DIRECTION, KE OPENED THE LUGGAGE
COMPARTMENT OF HIS CAR, GOT A MOVIE CAMERA
OUT GF HIS SUITCASE AND TOOK THE PICUTRES,
THERE WAS NO REFERENCE POINT IN THE SKY
SO IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE FOR HIM TO MAKE ANY
ESTIMATES AS TO SIZE, SPEED, OR DISTANCE.
TOWARD THE END OF HIS OBSERVATION
ONE OF THE OBJECTS REVERSED
COURSE AND PROCEEDED AWAY FROM
THE REST OF THE GROUP, HE HELD THE CAMERA
STILL AND ALLOWED TH1S SINGLE
_ QBJECT TO PASS ACROSS THE FIELD oF
VIEW OF THE CAMERA PICKING IT UP
AGAIN LATER IN ITS TRAVEL. HE REPEATED
THIS FOR TWO OR THREE PASSES. BY THIS TIME
ALL THE OBJECT HAD DISAPPEARED.
THE MOVIES HAVE BEEN STUDIED BY THE
PHOTO RECONNAISSANCE LABORATOR, WRIGHT
AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTER, WRIGHT PATTERSON
WB, OHIO, AND BY THE US NAVY PHOTO INTERPRETATION
CENTER, WASHINGTON, DC. SINCE THERE
WAS NO KNOWN OBJECT SUCH AS A CLOUD
TREE, OR MOUNTAIN IN THE FILM, IT WAS
IMPOSSIBLE TO MAKE EVEN A ROUGH ESTIMATE
AS TO THE SPEED, DISTANCE, OR SIZE.
THE SIZE OF THE IMAGES ON THE MOVIE
FILM WERE TOO SMALL TO SHOW ANY
DETAILS. THE MOVIES HAVE BEEN STUDIED BY
PERSONS ENGAGED IN WORK 1TH BALLOONS.
THESE BALLOONS ARE CALLED PILLOV
BALLOONS. DUE TO THEIR SIMILARITY
RPTING FROM 3RD LINE. BACK
PERSONS ENGAGED WORK WITH BALLOONS
AND THE APPEARANCE AND ACTION OF
THE OBJECT ARE SIMILAR TO THAT
OF PILLOW BALLOONSAM .»
bas]
THESE BALLOONS ARE CALLED PILLOW
EALLOONS BUE TO THEIR SIMILARITY
TO A PILLOW, HUNDREDS OF THESE
BALLOONS WERE MADE AND FLOWN IN THE US AND
OVERSEAS DURING THE CRUSADE FOR FREEDOM,
“ ATTEMPTS TO TRACE THESE BALLOONS TO
DETERMINE WHETHER ANY LEFT OVER
FROM THE CRUSADE FOR FREEDOM COULD HAVE
BEEN LAUNCHED IN THE TREMONTON AREA
WERE NEGATIVE. ANOTHER STRONG POSSIBILITY
IS THAT THE OBJECTS WERE SEA GULLS
SOARING THERMAL AIR CURRENT. MOVIES
OF SEA GULLS TAKEN UNDER SIMILAR LIGHTING
CONDITIONS SHOWED THE SEA GULLS APPEARING
AS BRIGHT SPOTS OF LIGHT VERY SIMILAK TO THOSE
IN THE MOVIES. AT THE PRESENT TIME THE AIR
FORCE CONTEMPLATES NO FUTURE ACTION WILL SE
TAKEN TO IDENTIFY THE OBJECTS.
END IT&n 2 anc
PAI
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
: -@
oeoeoeoeeeeewses ®
DOWNGRADED AT $ YHAR INTE’ 114;
DECLASSIFIED AFTER 12 YEA,
DOD DIR 5200.10
>
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
amr | UNCLASSIFIED
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
oO
et
rf
fr4
4
H
<4
UNCLASSIFIED
SPACE ABOVE FOR COMMUNICATIONS CENTER ONLY
FROM: (Originator) DATE-TIME GROUP
0715002 FEB $3
| ACTION
CG ATIC ROUTINE
Xe CG 267TH AIR Obi (Lar ) [_] B00k MessacE [_] orictna. Messace
EAMILION APB CALIF ne a a Set a ie PN
PRECEDENCE
FOR:
CRYPTOPRECAUTION
[_] muttipLe aopress [] ves {J v0
REFERS TO MESSAGE:
IDENTIFICATION CLASSIFICATION
9272
FROM, AFOIM-~sTlAébetelaL FOR DIRKCTION OF INTLLLIGENCE
Reference your message G2TL dtd 1226505 Sep $2 which replied to a request from Hq UséF
for ean interrogation of Chief Yetty Officer Delbert 0, Newhouse, 177272 Aviation
Supply Lepot, Naval Supply Center, Oakland, Calif, Request you egein contact Newhouse
and determine whether he wante his originel film beek or whether he will accept e
gopy of the original, It is contemplated thet the fact that the Air lorce hag this
movie will be released to the pregs in the near future end ATIC plans to return theses
film eo thet if he has any offers from the prese he can eell it, Movies will be showm
to the press tut not released to them, Also request that you determine whether New
bouse hes any objection to using hie name in the official release, Request enewr
be oltalned immediately, DOWNGRADED AT & YRAR INTERVAIB;
DECLASSIFIED AFTER 12 YEARS.
In reply elite Project Blue Book, DOD Dik 5200.10
COORDINATION:
DRAFTER'S NAME (and signature, when required) RELEASING OFFICER'S SIGNATURE
GAPT Ed, RUPP iL i/ve a eae af mde yt bh ss
ine rb OFFICIAL TITLE ROB Be r ayo a ggon, USar
D D FORM 1 7 iG} REPLACES NME FORM 173, 1 MAY 49, 16—-58023-3 IX u, 5. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1 @cT 49 WHICH MAY BE USED,
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
~
rT ~ <a r - TT, T ee,
AIR DIV (DEF) HAMILTON AFB CALIF
-@-e@ © © © © © © © ee:
(ee)
= |
\
TO CG AIR TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE CENTER WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB
iY ° PROJECT BLUE BOOK. THE FOLLOWING INFORM
AE-2-1-E HAS BEEN OBTAINED BY TELEPHONE
CONVERSATION WITH CHIEF PHOTOGRAPHER DELBERT Ce NEWHOUSE, 177273, AVN
SUP DEP, NAVAL SUP CENTER, OAKLAND, CALIFe, REGARDING ADDITIONAL
1952.
WOULD
ry
CO
e
w
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
TELECONFERENCE MESSAGE FORM +t
ae arcs on reverse side of tmis page)
1. ITEM NO. 2. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 3. DATE TRANSMITTED
22 February 1953
h. FROM: (Name & Symbol) 5. TOr (Name & Symbol) :
Gapt 2, J, Ruppelt, ATLAL-5 Capt Harry Smith, arOoDm2az
SECURIT. INFORMATION, Por your information i em forwarding answers to
questions we received on Tremonten movies, This is a wire from 25th Air biv,
(vefense), Hamilton AVS, Calif,, in response to query ve sentthen, Gute,
by telephone conversation with Chief Photographer Delbert 6, lowhouse, 177273,
Aviation Supply Depot, Naval Supply Center, Oakland, Calif,, regarding eddi~
tional questions about movie film on unidentified sighting on 2 July 1952.
Guestion: Does Newhouse desire his original film returned or would be accept
a gopy of the original? Ansvers He will accept a copy of the original,
Question: Ie there any objection to using your name (ATIC Goments Meaning
Kevhouse's name) in the official release? Anaver: Siegative, but desires
hie correct official title used, Correct title etated by Newhouse is Chief
Photographer, a Gormmissioned Werrant Officer in USE, Unquote, Gopy of Tila
wild be gent to Newhouse within three days,
(If more space is needed, continue on a plain sheet of paper.)
7. ORIGINATED BY: (Name, Symbol, Date) | 8. COORDINATED BY: (Name, Symbol, Date)
Capt Bed, Muppelt, ATIAB-5, 12 Feb 53
9. AUTHORIZED BY:
Air Adjwtant General, ATIPA
ATIC Form 200 (11 Dee 51)
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
ad eb
INSTRUCTIONS FOR PREPARING AND SUBMITTING FORM
Submit ONE copy of the completed form to ATIPA by 1000 hours of day
message is to be sent. Unless special arrangements are made with
ATIPA fer late submission, messages received after 1000 hours will
not be sent until the following conference,
Complete form as follows:
Block 1. Preparing office omit. Will be completed by telecon operator,
Block 2. If a classified messare, stamp in security classification. If
not a classified message, enter "Unclassified",
Block $8. Enter date the message will be sent, not date prepared.
Block h. Enter name and symbol of sender.
Block 5. Enter name and symbol of receiver,
—— ~ age
Block 6, If a classified message, enter as the first two words of the
message "Security Information," then proceed with the message.
If not a classified messace, omit the words "Security Infor-
mation",
Block 7. Originator enter signature and symbol. (May or may not be the
same person whose name appears in Block lh.)
Block 8. Coordinators enter name and symbol.
Block 9. Air Adjutant General Enter signature.
Bottom of form. If a classified message, stamp in security classification.
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
UNCLASSIFIED
JL Feb 53
Memorandum for Record
1. During a trip to Washington, D. Ce, on 29 Jan 53 Capt Ruppelt was
informed that the press had learned about the Tremonton, Utah, movies and
that Mr. Al Chop of the Office of Public Information, Department of Defense,
Col Teaberg of AFOIN-2, and others believe that the movies should be re-
leased in accordance with the promise made this summer to the press that no
information on the subject of Unidentified Flying Objects would be withheld,
Capt Ruppelt agreed with this point and it was decided that the factual data
on the incident would be sent to Capt Harry B. Smith, AFOIN-2A2, who would
pass it on to Mr. Chop who in turn would write the release. The telecon also
requested that the release beforwarded to ATIC for coordination. The subject
telecon is TTL5, 5 Feb 53, Item 2. 2
2. On 9 Feb 53 Mr. Chop called that he/written the release and showed
it to Col Smith of AFOIN-2A. They believe that there would be a question
asked as to the findings of the Air Force and Navy photo labs and that these
reports would have to be released. If they weren't released, the press would
begin to think they contained some “hot" material and that the Air Force was
holding back some important data. ATIC coneurred that this could happen.,
and that if it did happen it could create a great deal of excitement.
3. The Air Force lab analysis concludes that:
nn
a. They are reasonably certain that the brightness of the images
on the film exceeds that of any bird. DOWNGRADED AT & YMaR
one Aries yea VALBs
b. The objectsyare not spherical walloons. — DIR 5200, 10.
\(| ~ whe objects could be aircraft. (Note: the absence of sound
ets alniost rules out aircraft. Aircraft ina "dogfight" can be heard at almost
ra
any altitude. In addition, the area of the sighting was not 4 restricted
———————}*
airspace area and it is doubtful that such flying would be carried on in the
sicwayes) RE Sate tesea UNCLASSIFIED
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
UNCLASSIFIED
c. Have two aircraft do maneuvers at various altitudes and photo-
graph them.
d. Request that the Navy re-do the study using the methods of
density measurement that are prescribed by the astronomers.
Conclusion
6. If it is deemed advisable to release the movies quickly, state that
the Air Force cannot positively identify the objects but they are reasonably
sure that they are balloons or gulis consequently no further effort is going
to be put into the incident. If the Navy and Air Force reports are requested,
state that due to the meager data they used, the reports must be discounted.
It _ would be rather poor policy to state that the Navy had made an error in.
the beginning of their analysise.
7e If it is too much of a risk to do this (suggestion in paragraph 6)
immediately go ahead with items a, b, and c of paragraph 5 on a high priority
basis.
Recommendations
$.. It is recommended shat'thi above plan be given to AFOIN-2A2 and let
them confer with the Director of Intelligence on the subject of a release.
DOWNGRADED AT 8 Yaar InpERY at:
DECLASSIFIED AYTER 12 YEARS’
DOD Dik 5200.10 -
UNCLASSIFIED
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
UNCLASSIFIED
The Navy report says the objects are:
———
ae Self-luminous or light sources
b. Could not be aircraft or balloons
shown on the film.
It_can be noted thatthe Navy people deduced this from their analysis
of the @iahinely of the image on each frame. This required about a 1,000
manhourse It was brought out by two astronomers who heard a Navy briefing
on the analysis of the movies that the method used to measure the brightness
of each spot was wrong, therefore, the results of the entire study were wrong.
. The subject of the release was discussed with Lt Col Johnston and
Col McDuffy and it was decided that the movies would be released without com-
ment as to what they were and hope that no questions were asked about the
Navy report. This is a "calculated" risk of another big "flap",
5- The other alternative is to quickly get more data on the subject.
Several things can be done and are listed below in the order of how soon they
could be accomplished: OU NCRADED ar APTER 1a eR Alay
_ DOD DIR 5200.16 ..
ae As far as gulls are concerned the big question is, how much
light will be reflected? Can you see a gull reflecting light and not recog-
nize that it is a gull? ‘To check this it would be necessary to go to a loca-
tion where you have a lot of gulls and bright sunlight and teke movies with
a 3einch lens. It would be necessary to know how far the gulls were away each
time a movie was taken. At this time of the year Florida is the only place
where sunshine and gulls can be assured.
b. Using special funds, have General Mills release a group of
pillow balloons arranged in the same sequence as the objects are in the movies
and measuring the distance at which the movies were taken. UNCLASSIFIED
re - s s
K pthh jt hbpt
tg o~ Shu the i “ Ortins jo I 6 rane ®
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
° ewsm_ °
UNCLASSIFIED
csar itm 2 « qa,
FROM’ CAPT HARRY B SMITH AFOIN-2A2
TO: CAPT ED RUPPFLT , APEttes
RELFASE OF TREMONTON FILMS STILL BEING STUDIED HFRF. VILL
FORWARD NEXT TELECON,
END CSAF ITFM 2 ¢ GOs
DOWNGRADED Ary ¢
DECLASSIFIED ArTER 12 YEARS
DOD DIR 5200.19 8
INTERV ATS;
UNCLASSIFIED
PESTS
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
& UNCLASSIFIED 2)
CSAF ITEM . aes Dae TT-27
26 Feb 195
yy Me trom COLONEL YOUNG
Reference Item 2 ATIC Telecon 15, 5 Feb 53 the\following
statement is for ATIC coordination prior to release to PIO:
_ This color film provides an instance of a sighting being
substantiated by motion pictures and confirms the faith of
the USAF in the veracity of the many citizens who have
reported sightings of unidentified objects or phenomena in
The film was forwarded to the USAF by Warrent Officer
Delbert C, Newhouse, Aviation Supply Depot, Naval Supply Center,
Oakland, California.3 Warrent Officer Newhouse stated that the
film was exposed 7 miles North of Tremonton, Utah, on the U.S.
lighway 30 at 11:00 a.m. MST, 2 July 52: and that he was using
a Bell and Howell Auto Master(hand-held) with a three inch
telephoto lens at F/8 for the first few feet of the film and
nce at F/16 all at sixteen frames per second.
4. Examination of the film to date allows a deduction that the
images were caused by surfaces having good reflective qualities,
] such as seagulls oR balloons] or by bodies or substances possessing
high intensity light sources, Images appearing on the film are
nonsufficiently defined to permit identification or determination
of form or substance and should have been caused by unknown objects
or undetermined known objects. f any reference points,
even clouds, in the background has r t impossible to estimate
the objects from the camera, thus precluding a
determination of size and linear speed. Measurements of angular
DOWNGRADED AT 9 yR
DECLASSIFIED AFTER IS eS
DOD Dik §200.10..°
~ eat
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
& UNCLASSIFIED &
velocity have not indicated true linear speed as the apparent
motion is shown in only two dimensions.
threat to the United States, and the majority of the sightings
2
have been directly tied to known causes,
ima CSAF ITEM NBR ET LaS ee /
DOWNGRADED aT g
DECLASSIFIED APTER 12 Vous,
POR DIR f2oo.I19 "S-
Nee ee nema
ene ym,
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
COQRDINANON
INSERT
ORGNL CODE AND per
FULL SIGNATURE ATIAE-5/EJR/vs
reply refer to
IN-ATIAE~5
17 FEB 19:
Reece cae
A eopy of the original movie film taken by you near Tremonton,
, on 2 duly 1952 is being returned,
This Center and the Air Force wish to thank you for submitting
tite film, answering the many additional questions that arose during
the analysis of the film, and for allowing the Air Force to keep the
Yours very truly,
DESIGNATE AUTHD OFFICE OF RECORD
OFFICIAL FILE COPY
AMC Form 8 (Rev 17 May 50) Supersedes AMC Form 8, Rev 1 Apr 48, which will be used. Air Force-WPAFB-L-23 JUL 52 3600M
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
&
U.S. NAVAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER
U. S. Naval Receiving Station
Washington 25, D. C. In reply refer to
Code 082
J1l2<1
MAR 1.8 1954396
Serial:
From; Commanding Officer
Tos Commanding Officer, Air Technical Intelligence Center,
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio
Subj: Tremonton, Uteh Film
Ref: (a) ATIC W-PAFB Ohio ltr AFOIN-ATIAE-5 dtd 27 Jan 1954
1. Reference (a) requested information concerning the disposition of
the original Tremonton, Utah film and whether or not any copies of the
film are currently held by the Center.
2. It is advised that this Center has never had possession of the
original film and does not have information concerning its whereabouts.
However, it is suggested that Major Fourney, an AF Special Investigator
who was formerly stationed in this area, be contacted regarding this
matter. Major Fourney at one time advised that the original would be
made available to this Center for spectrophotometric analysis. This
analysis never materialized, therefore the original was not requested.
3. This Center is presently holding one 16mm color film copy which
was received from the Air Force. In addition, 35mm color positive and
35mm black and white negative duplicate blowups are held.
4, Reference (a) referred to the original film as being 35mm. It is
understood that the photography was taken with a Revere, 16mm, magazine
loading type, with an F1.9 wide-angle, telephoto lens.
Ge
Copy to;
CNO (Op 322v/jec
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
COORBINATION
INSERT
ORGNL CODE AND
FULL SIGNATURE
CAH/ jos/73147
27 JAN 1954
Office of Naval Intelligence
Navy Department
Washington 25, D. C.
In 4 report issued by USNPIC, Subj: “Interpretation of
e of Unidentified Objects”, serial number 0105, dated 4 Mey
3, it is stated in part, “The film exposed in Utah is in very
condition; dry, brittle, and with a tendency to break, After
nitial yee duplication of the film wes performed in order to
film." There appears to be no reference as to wheth-
the seein film was destroyed or returned.
3. It is requested that any available information be furnished
the Air Technical Intelligence Center as to the disposition of
6 film after the interpretation was completed,
4. Information is further requested es to whether or not any
opies of this film are on hand there.
FOR THE COMMANDER
Dua RAC Lh. CINNERS
p
Veatst see
; -» Assistant. Adjutant.
“ :DATE 25 Gio SF
ATE 2
DESIGNATE AUTHD OFFICE OF RECORD
OFFICIAL FILE COPY
COZ F
ELECTRONICS BRANCH
posesis hatte eacteneieh hl 1)
OFFICIAL FILE COPY Office of Record
COL O*HERN
AMC Form 8 (Rev 17 May 50) Supersedes AMC Form 8, Rev 1 Apr 48, which will be used. Air Force-WPAFB-L-23 JUL 52 3600M
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
COORPINATION
Jpleh Se
ORGNL CODE AND
FULL SIGNATURE
CAH/jos/73147
23 FEB 1954
« BD. €. Newhouse
hief Photographer, Us
948 Derby Street
keley, California
Mr. Newhouse:
We are forwarding es Inclosure L one copy of your Tremonton,
» film es promised in our letter of 27 January 1954.
The Air Technical Intelligence Center hopes this will fulfill
requirements.
Sincerely,
Incl R. C. SCHUM
Env containing cwo, USAF
ref film f
COORDINATION: Asst. Adj.
BE OF HERN
[F)
j (
DESIGNATE AUTHD OFFICE OF RECORD
OFFICIAL FI J
100 7. LE COPY
ELFCTRONICS Bran
OFFICIAL FILE COPY ‘af rel
AMC Form 8 (Rev 17 May 50) Supersedes AMC Form 8, Rev 1 Apr 48, which will be used. AF-WP-L-25 MAR 53 3,130,000
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
j
* had
\ ‘ | .
COORBINATION
INSERT
ORGNL CODE AND
FULL SIGNATURE
CAH/ jos /73147
Berkeley, California
Mr. Newhouse:
fhe Air Technical Intelligence Center is not in immediate posses-
dion of the originel of your Tremonton, Uteh, film; however, corres~
jondence has been initiatea to recover it. It appears that the
driginel may heave deteriorated beyond the point where it could be suc-
cessfully copied.
There are two copies of the film here. One of these has been
dent to the Photographic Laboratory with a request for sdditionel
Jopies. Upon completion, which will teke ebout three weeks, one of
ine copies will be mailed to you. It is hoped that this will ful-
fill your requirements,
fhe Air Technical Intelligence Center wishes to express sgein
ts appreciation to you for your cooperation throughout the entire
nvestigation of the case.
Sincerely,
CDORDINATION :
DESIGNATE AUTHD OFFICE OF RECORD
joo?
OFFICIAL FILE COPY
AMC Form 8 (Rev 17 May 50) Supersedes AMC Form 8, Rev 1 Apr 48, which will be used. Air Force-WPAFB-L-23 JUL 52 3600M
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
- : 4¥
DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE
HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES AIR FORCE
WASHINGTON 25, D.C.
Y AFOIN-2A
Dear General Garland:
Inclosed is a copy of the letter sent, this date, to
J
Newhouse who previger us with the Tremonton, Utah, unider
that the original of the
is still of value to you, it
to give Mr. Newhouse another duplicate rather than to risk the
it by loan.
New | Year,
nel WILLIAM A. ADAMS
of ltr dtc Colonel, USAF
9 Dec 53 t Directorate of Intelligence
We Neath Pa
ir. Newhouse
DECLASSIFIED Authority NND 923007
Context
This is one of 257 Department of War records in the declassified archive, and one of 7 cases describing a balloon, reported in the Other region. It was published in Release 06 (9/18).
Evidence tiers describe the type of record (sensor capture vs. written report vs.
administrative file) · not a claim about its conclusions. UFO Papers reports only what the documents state.
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